Prepositions
Or rather postpositions, since — with the exception of the first example — they are invariably placed at the end of the word to which they refer.
| Meaning | Form | Example & gloss |
|---|---|---|
| “about, concerning, around, near” | tlil | tlil ghoṣ businiba “About whom is he speaking?” |
| “along, by” | daṣṣan | dov inev vogo nokh daṣṣan “I am going along the road.” |
| “before, in front of” | ṣivi khon | Mohammad čon vogo 'aridah ṣivi khon “Mohammad stands before (i.e. face to face with) the lion.” |
| “behind, after” | tlokh | imenu tlokh “behind the father” |
| “for, in exchange for” (purchasing sense) | tlokh | šib doṣṣa tlorab halaba ṭiggatlokh “How much did you give for this book?” |
| “below, under” | ghrotltl | nij rogana ghoṭada ghortltl “We sat down under the tree.” |
| “for” | 'olon | duyi 'olon diṣṣa bičun bosana tlilab ču “I bought a fine horse for you.” |
| “from” | sa | Tifliṣṣa Gunibaṣgur “from Tiflis to Gunib” |
| “in” | bi | roḳbi “in the house” |
| “beside, in the presence of” | ṣibi | dida ṣibi ghologh hobolev vogo “He serves at my side.” |
| “about, regarding” | sotltl | diṣṣa harana doṣṣul vasaṣotltl “I asked about his son.” |
| “on” | ṭa | ḳalam bogo tepṣiyalṭa “The pen lies on the table.” |
| “out of, from” | khan, tlan | duv vačan Khonza khan “I came from Hunzakh (a village in Daghestan).” |
| “across” | daṣṣan | don ganžana khor čudaṣṣan “I jumped over the horse.” |
| “to, towards” | aṣgur | nij ana mijgitalda aṣgur “We went to the mosque.” |
| “through, over” | bortlana | ḳidu bortlana “over the wall” |
| “with” | sadakh | don vasgon sadakh “I am with my son.” |
| “with, at the house of” (like French chez) | oṣgov | don vogo insoda oṣgov “I live with my father” (chez mon père). |
| “without” | hočigo | čed žan hočigo “bread without salt” |